What is Right an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

What is Right? It is the duty of every citizen to do the right thing at all times irrespective of what the circumstances are. In fact, there should be the natural desire in every citizen to do that which is right and refrain from doing the wrong thing. But the question that has always haunted us is how do one know what is right from what is wrong? How can one differentiate right actions from wrong actions? How do we measure our actions and decide which one is right from which one is wrong. Suppose I want to do what is right, how do I know what is right? This and many questions is what the branch of philosophy attempts to give answers to. This branch of philosophy is known as Ethics. Need essay sample on "What is Right?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Ethics can then be said to be the branch of philosophy that critically examines our actions and inactions that are considered moral. It is a branch of philosophy that seeks to answer the questions that pertain to morality and man. It attempts to separate right from wrong, good from bad and what is moral form what is immoral. This it attempts to do by coming up with various theories propounded by different philosophers or schools or thought. These theories have a single aim which is to give criteria to ascertain right action from wrong actions. Such theories say that when the moral agent is faced with a moral decision, he or she should consider the options before him and then use some specified rules to judge his doing that action. The moral agent at such time should ask himself / herself if that action he/she is about to do pass the specified standards. These theories include Egoism, Utilitarianism, Altruism, Deontological ethical theory top mention a few from them. For the purpose o f this essay, I will be considering three different ethical theories and how it can be applied. Some people believe that man naturally should consider those that will be affected by our actions. They believe that in acting, the moral agent should weigh the effect of his action and that the right thing to do is to choose the one that will positively affect those around him. These people belong to the utilitarian school of thought. What then is Utilitarianism? Utilitarianism is the ethical view that says that in acting, the moral agent should always choose the action whose consequence produces the greatest amount of good to the greatest number of people. It is an ethical theory that believes in that the greater the pleasure derived from an action by the greater number or persons, the more the action is right. Furthermore, utilitarianism also preaches that the moral worth is conferred on an action only when they produce pleasure over pain, happiness over sadness. The theory is associated with the British philosopher, John Stuart Mill. It is a theory that believes in aggregate happ iness. There are different versions of Utilitarianism. Among others, we have hedonistic utilitarianism, preferential utilitarianism, act utilitarianism, rule utilitarianism, and so on. The idea of utilitarianism has its origin in the Greek philosopher called Epicurus but was popularized by Jeremy Bentham who believes that the only values that are fundamental in this world are pain and pleasure. For him, these are the only two values that govern the activities of mankind. Another ethical theory that is significant is the Kantian ethics. This is based on the ideas of the famous philosopher, Immanuel Kant. For him, an action should not be considered right because of its consequence. Kant is of the opinion that every action is inherently right or wrong. For Kant, an action should not appeal to pity or sentiments. A morally right action, thus, is one that is done out of a sense of duty with the right motive. The moral agent should not choose an action because there is reward. Morality is a duty for any citizen, therefore, if one does the right thing, he/she should net seek to be rewarded because that was what he was meant to do in the first place. Furthermore, Kantian ethics holds that in acting, one must wish that the maxim of ones action be universalized. In other words, in acting you must do to others what you will wish others do to you. Those that belong to this school of thought hold that one should treat ones neighbor as an end in himself/herself and never as a means to an end. This is because each person should have the respect for humanity in them. When you treat man as a means to an end, you are violating humanity. Therefore, a moral agent holds it as his duty not to purposefully withhold the respect and dignity of his fellow man. A mans has the duty to protect his fellow man right without questions and without seeking reward. Summarily, when a moral agent is faced with a choice between two alternative actions, he/she should ask himself/herself what is my duty? What is it that I ought to do and should make sure that his motives are right. Then will the action be considered to be a moral action. The final ethical theory I will be considering is the ethical idea of the German philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche. According to him, there are two different types of morality, which is the master morality and the slave morality. The first type of morality only comes from what he called the 'noble man'. On the other hand, the slave morality is one that is being displayed reactively inside the weak man. In the case of master morality, actions are categorized into good or bad while in slave morality, actions are weighed and categorized into good or evil. According to him, all ethical statements are false, because any kind of connection between ethical statements and "moral facts" is deceptive. The major difference that exists between his idea of master morality and slave morality lies in the fact that Master morality is a positive approach where the idea of "good" and "bad" are the same to "noble" and "despicable" correspondingly. Also, the master morality creates value. On the other ha nd, the Slave morality is a negative approach used by the weak or powerless. The virtues are pity, benevolence, and meekness. The above ethical theories are brought as answers to the ethical question as to what are we to do when we are in given situations. They are meant to be applied by the moral agent in our daily actions. The moral agent is to examine his actions by the various standards that is being held by these ethical theories. The question we are to ask here then is what will be the reaction of these ethical theories in our given situation? To begin with, looking critically at it from the perspective of a utilitarian, to save the womans life is the right thing to do or it might be otherwise. Let us consider reasons for this claim. Since utilitarianism preaches the greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest amount of people, looking at the situation we have, the number of personalities to consider is eight, namely the five children of the woman, the woman, you and the government that is if we see the government as a single person. Given this, we might come to the conclusion that excluding the government, we are sure that the seven other personalities will derive the greatest amount of pleasure by you choosing to evade tax and saving the womans life. If this then be the case, you should go on and be the utilitarian by evading the tax and saving the womans life. On the other hand, if we are to look at the situation from the perspective that the government does not stand alone, income tax is meant to go back to fund services that will be enjoyed by the people of the state. If we are to look at it from this perspective, then we will be measuring the pleasure of seven persons against that of millions of people who will be deprived from enjoying the services that the income tax will provide. Thus, in this case, saving the womans life will not be the right course of action as it does not promote the greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest amount of people. However, as a person that belongs to the Kantian school of thought, one may also be confronted by two views. Firstly, as a doctor, you have the duty to save the womans life. Then looking at it critically, that is what you ought to do. That is one sense of looking at it. You are respecting and upholding the respect for the individual person. On the other hand, when we look at it again form the perspective of Kantian idea of duty, the same duty that you have as a doctor to save the womans life is the same duty that should make you pay your income tax. It is what you ought to do. You should not be told before you know that it is your obligation to pay your income tax to the government. Here we are faced with a dilemma. Which one are you to choose. Perhaps one of the criticisms brought by scholars against the Kantian rule is right. For them, Kant did not consider emotional attributes of man. There are certain situations that are complex. What are we to do when we are faced with such situ ations? Finally, considering Friedrich Nietzsches ethical idea of master slavery, given this situation, he will not approve of the action to save the woman. This is because only slave morality appeals to meekness and compassion. Friedrich will maintain that master morality should values that are unshakable, regardless of situations or circumstances. It is only the weak that will neglect his values and be drawn be compassion and pity. The doctor for instance was drawn by pity to save the womans life. Nietzsche has been regarded as a moral skeptic. He believes that man is egoistic and altruistic nature is not in the realm of reality. Reference: Kraft, Joseph. (2006, November 29). Mill's Rule Utilitarianism Part 3 in the Series on Ethical Theories. EzineArticles. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Mills-Rule-Utilitarianism-Part-3-in-the-Series-on-Ethical-Theories&id=372318 Spring, Michael Huemer. (1993). A Critique of the Kantian Ethics.

10 Facts on Data Mining for a Research Project

10 Facts on Data Mining for a Research Project Data mining is the study of analyzing large amount of data and developing a pattern which can be used for several suitable purposes. If you want to write a research project on this topic, then there is a lot of potential, and we are going to help you kick-start your brainstorming process. There are various terminologies and studies synonymous to the process of data mining. One feature which is common is that it’s an application based system, meaning the results are compared with the desired output and if it’s not up to the mark, the process is then repeated again. Data mining has significantly improved in the past four years as processors have been improved. Revolutionizing the marketing industry, top analysts have been using this technique to reach their ultimate customers online and offline. Here are 10 facts on data mining which you can use for your research project: Before data mining can begin, proper data representation needs to be decided which can make data analysis possible. In data mining, there is a problem of complex data such as sequences and images which requires the establishment of a set of attributes which can then be used in multivariate vectors. Once that’s established, we refine the statistics through kernel matrices, vector kernels and basic kernel operations for data analysis. Various statistical methods can be used to analyze numeric attributes during data mining. Central location, dispersion and linear dependence is measured all while keeping the probabilistic, geometric and algebraic representation of data matrix in mind. There are various ways of analyzing numeric attributes. The Univariate Analysis focuses on one, the Bivariate Analysis focuses on two and the Multivariate Analysis focuses on all numeric attributes simultaneously. Furthermore, if the attributes are two or more and the values are drastically different, then there is the process of Data Normalization. When the process of data mining is being performed, the data being processed is extremely high dimensional. This is due to the overwhelming amount of attributes, which are in the number of thousands. This is where the analysis enters the domain of high dimensional space or hyperspace, as the factors comprising the analysis stop behaving like normal geometry. Mathematically speaking, high dimensional volume is calculated through the analysis of high dimensional objects. This is where data mining becomes complex because calculations need hypercube, the volume of thin hypersphere shell, diagonals inside hyperspace and the density of multivariate normal. Some of the characteristics of the data inside hyperspace are counterintuitive. The center of space in high dimensions is free of exact points, also there is an accelerated establishment of orthogonal axes. This leads to the problem of unstable data mining of high-dimensional data. That’s why it becomes important to reduce the dimensionality while making sure that the data inside the matrices remain intact. This can be achieved through the processes of principal component analysis, kernel principal component analysis and singular value decomposition. Frequent pattern mining is one of the most important analysis in data mining. This method is used to improve browsing experience and is being implemented by Google and various ecommerce sites. Large variables from weblogs are inserted in custom designed algorithms to know which pages are visited more frequently. This helps web designers and search engines to optimize their systems to get more organic clicks. It also helps online shops know which products sell, making sure they are prioritized in searches. Data mining is the analysis of data of all types, but this creates an efficiency problem because every data has its own identification, decoding technique and other characteristics. This problem is solved through the process of cluster analysis. Clustering divides similar information into groups. The similarity can be general or operation specific; this means that to efficiently process all data to get the desired results, there can be hundreds of clustering algorithms in a single data mining system. Clustering can be based on representation, hierarchy or density. Classification in data mining is the process of estimating a class label if a point is unlabeled. In this case, probabilistic classification is performed, such as the Bayes Classifier which incorporates the Bayes Theorem to effectively predict the class. Its objective is to predict the joint probable function of a particular class. The class itself is designed through the multivariate normal distribution. Another method called the Naive Bayes Classifier process; which takes the attributes as independent, is also very reliable for several applications. Another probabilistic method to predict an unlabeled point is called the decision tree classifier. It’s a method to design a tree model based on observations about a particular variable to understand its target value. Here, the targeted variable in a tree model can take a finite set of values. In a tree structure, the leaves represent class labels and the branches represent coinciding instances that lead up to class labels. If the targeted variable is taking real numbers, continuous values, then it’s called a regression tree. Support vector machines, also known as SVMs, are yet another classification process which is primarily based upon maximum margin linear discriminants. The purpose of these machines is to ascertain the most efficient and perfect hyperplane can maximize the space between the classes. Another method to perform this function is to utilize the kernel to find the most efficient nonlinear decision boundary in between the classes, which is in correspondence with a few high-dimensional nonlinear spaces. In order to optimize a search engine and perform efficient data mining, automatic summarization algorithms are put in place. These algorithms are able to summarize large amounts of texts by keeping the length, syntax and writing style in consideration. This makes it possible to analyze large texts as these texts can now be represented by a small subset of data which has enough details. This brings us to the end of an informative fact guide about data mining. Data mining makes it possible for machines to analyze large quantities of data to understand a user pattern. If this wasn’t enough for you to grasp onto a topic, then read our next piece which is 20 data mining project topics for you to research and don’t forget to check our complete guide on this academic genre and the subject. Overall, if you are looking for a professional research project writing service to get help with your Data mining research paper you should visit our company. References: Aggarwal, C. C. (2015). Data Mining: The textbook. Cham: Springer. Deshpande, V. K. (2015). Predictive Analytics and Data Mining: Concepts and Practice with Rapidminer. Morgan Kaufmann. Han, J., Kamber, M., Pei, J. (2011). Data mining: Concepts and techniques concepts and techniques. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann In. Linoff, G., Berry, M. J. (2011). Data Mining Techniques: For Marketing; Sales; and Customer Relationship Management; Third Edition. John Wiley Sons Incorporated. Nisbet, R., Elder, J. F., Miner, G. (2009). Handbook of statistical analysis and data mining applications. Amsterdam: Academic Press/Elsevier. Provost, F. (2013). Data Science for Business: What You Need to Know about Data Mining and Data-Analytic Thinking. Russell, M. A. (2013). Mining the Social Web: Data Mining from Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, Google , GitHub, and More (2nd Edition). OReilly Media.

Traumatic Brain Injury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Traumatic Brain Injury - Essay Example The patient may also suffer from cognitive problems where the memory and emotional response are affected. The patient may experience an outburst of emotions that range from lack of interest to overreacting. Diminished impulse control leads enhanced interpersonal problems where coping skills fail to function and may result in depression (Gainer, 2004, p. 43). Traumatic brain injuries require a substantial amount of time in order to recover from it. During this period, the family and society in general are tasked with coping, managing and enduring the stress involved with caring of the affected patient. The society has to bear the behavioral changes associated with the brain injury. Axonal shearing injury occurs due to sudden movement of the brain, which results in tearing of brain tissue. This may cause bruising and swelling, which may add more pressure to the brain itself. It is therefore, necessary to ensure great care when handling the patient so as not to cause any more harm or damage (The patient Education Institute, 2009, p. 3). This is achieved by ensuring that the patient is in a safe environment with minimal agitation. Individuals handling the patient should also ensure that the patient is kept at zero rated stress levels with the assurance that all will be well. In conclusion, traumatic brain injuries are potentially fatal if not diagnosed, managed, and treated in time. It is also critical to ensure that injuries to the torso are not incurred by observing all safety measures. Gainer, R., (2004). Psychritric Issues in Traumatic Brain Injury. Retrieved 15 August 2012 from

Case analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case analysis - Coursework Example 2 According to Thomas Hobbes, you should not destroy the revised will. This is because for Hobbes, morally right actions are the actions that are consistent with the law of nature. According to Hobbes, the law of nature is discoverable by reason, and all of us are able to discover it if we reason well. For Hobbes, the law of nature guides all of us and it is the law that enables us to know the morally good and the morally bad actions. In the case under consideration, you should not destroy the revised will because doing so is against the law of nature. This is because one of the precepts of the law of nature is to be honest and to tell the truth. 3 According to Kant, you should not destroy the revised will. This is because for Kant, in is categorical imperative, Kant says that in making moral decisions, we should always choose actions that we would wish to be made into universal laws; in other words, Kant states that in making moral decisions, we should choose actions that we would wish anybody in the same situation, and under the same circumstances, to make (Kant, 18). For this reason, since one would not wish his or her own will to be destroyed when we die, one should destroy another person’s will. Destroying the revised will for Kant, therefore, is morally wrong. 4 Of the above three philosophers, Kant is the philosopher who provides the best, and the most convincing account of what one should do in this case. This is because Kant gives a clear formula of making a moral judgement, i.e. in making moral decisions, act in a manner that you would wish all people in the same situation to act. Plato’s and Hobbes’ account of how one should act in this case are a bit unclear and unconvincing. This is because for Plato, it is not easy to determine an action that is virtuous and that promotes eudaimonia; For Hobbes, also, it is not easy to

China and United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

China and United States - Essay Example In China, roadways are often congested due to limited highway systems inter-linking rural and urban areas. In the United States, most everyone in the country has access to a vehicle as well as the roadways necessary to carry large amounts of traffic efficiently. This creates the opportunity for better costs for businesses in relation to shipment and delivery (logistics) because products can actually be moved from region to region in the United States without delays. In addition, the United States’ close proximity to other industrialized nations gives the United States competitive advantage by being able to have raw products delivered more cheaply than through expensive, overseas transportation networks. opportunities outside of their geographic household. It is a regular occurrence in the United States, today, for workers to commute long distances in order to seek better paying careers, therefore this is another advantage over China in terms of choice where industries can choose top talent from all over the country. In this way that business or organization is getting the best-skilled people and bringing advantages to the business in the process. The end result is a more efficient business which provides more efficient products and services to the local community, leading to a more sustainable national economy. Technology is superior for the United States in just one way: The amount of people who currently have access to the Internet and have the funds to buy consumer goods. In the United States, there are many more people with access to online shopping and other commercial activities, giving economies a better opportunity to increase profit success. This gives companies in the United States the opportunity to appeal to a wider group of customers through Internet technology, email, and other online offers. This strengthens the foundations of Capitalism in the United States and creates a stronger national economy in the process. In China, there is not

Prejudice And Discrimination In Social Care

Prejudice And Discrimination In Social Care As human beings, we socially categorise people as members of social groups rather than as individuals. The reason why we do so is because it provides useful information that cannot immediately be perceived and it allows us to ignore unnecessary information (Bruner 1957 cited in Smith and Mackie: 145). The danger of this social categorisation is that it makes a group seem more similar to each other than they would be if they were not categorised. (McGarty et al cited in Smith E and Mackie D: 165) The process of seeing ones self as a member of a group or self categorisation can have positive effects for individuals within a group. Tajfel (1972) argues that people seek to derive positive self-esteem from their group memberships. (Smith E and Mackie D: 189) As social care practitioners, we work with various social groups such as people with disabilities, the travelling community, young offenders, children in care, the elderly and many others social groups. These groups have been socially categorised and can often be considered as outgroups by society. They are often considered by society to be vulnerable groups and are often pushed to the margins of society and excluded from the mainstream. (Thompson: 2003) The definition of social care is the provision of care, protection, support, welfare and advocacy for vulnerable or dependant clients, individually or in groups (Joint Committee on Social Care Professionals cited in Share P and Lalor L: 5) Each individual who is in need of social care can socially identify themselves as part of a group. Tajfels Social Identity theory suggests that members of a group gain a self-concept and self-esteem as a result of their group membership. Seeing oneself as a group member means that the groups typical characteristics become norms and standards for ones own behaviour. (Turner et al cited in Smith and Mackie: 195). This, therefore results in members of the group acting in group typical ways. This theory can help us to understand the behaviours of various groups we are working with as social care practitioners. For example, a group of young adults who are engaging in criminal activity may be doing so as this behaviour is a norm within their group. It also enables us to see why these groups are considered as outgroups in society and can help us to understand why these groups are seen as oppressed by mainstream society. Tajfel s theory also tells us that often the individuals who make up the group are seen as uniform and their diversity is underestimated. This is certainly common with people who have intellectual disabilities. The ingroup, which in this case is the group who does not have intellectual disabilities, often views the outgroup, or the people with disabilities as all being the same. The individuals who have disabilities are categorised because of their disability rather than their individualistic characteristics and are therefore stereotyped due to their disability. Stereotypes can be described as over generalised sets of beliefs about members of a particular social group. (Schultz and Oskamp: 63) They are the views we form about groups as a result of social categorisation and reduce the complexity of the world into a few simple guidelines that suggest how members of certain groups should be treated (Schultz: 63) They act as generalisations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among members. (Aronson et al: 2004:466) These stereotypes can lead to both positive and negative evaluations being made about the members of the group. They can also lead to the target group acting in stereotypical ways, for example, one of the reasons why a group of young offenders may be engaging in criminal activity could be a result of stereotype threat. This refers to being at risk of acting in a manner consistent with a negative stereotype about ones group. (Schultz: 69) The group of offenders are seen as an out-group and may feel their offending behaviour is justified because they have been oppressed, but their treatment must be disproportionately severe (Harrower J, 2001:4) Prejudices, hostile or negative attitudes towards a distinguishable group of people, based solely on the membership in that group.'(Aronson et al: 2004:467) can have extremely adverse effects on the individuals within these categorised social groups. Any group that shares a socially meaningful common characteristic can be a target for prejudice (Smith and Mackie: 143) Prejudices against people in marginalised and vulnerable groups are prevalent in the society in which we live. By virtue of their role and the social groups they engage with, social care practitioners witness the impact of inequality on the everyday lived experience of people affected'(Share and Lalor: 110) Ethnic groups such as the travelling community are constantly subjected to prejudices. Much research has been carried out in recent years in relation to this. One survey found that 42 percent of the population held negative attitudes towards the travelling community (Behaviour and Attitudes in Ireland 2000) and another revealed that 72 percent of the settled community did not want the travelling community to live amongst them. (Lansdowne Market research 2001). People with disabilities are another group in society which are subject to prejudices. Often society has the assumption that disability is a form of illness (Oliver: 1990 cited in Thompson: 128) People with disabilities have also been viewed as not fully human, or even subhuman (Brandon: 4). Despite the fact that societys attitude towards people with disabilities has improved over time as a result of moving away from the medical model to the social model of disability which involves the integration of people with disabilities into our communities, people with disabilities are still not regarded as complete human beings of an equal status to the remainder of society. (Share and Lalor: 334) Research suggests that prejudice is learned from the groups in which we belong. Racial and ethnic identity is a major focal point for prejudiced attitudes. (Aronson: 457) Discrimination can be defined as unequal or unfair behaviour toward an individual based on his or her membership in a particular group (Schultz: 63) and is commonly seen in the area of Social Care at many levels. Thompson (2003) outlines many processes closely linked with discrimination. He refers to Invisibilzation, a type of discrimination whereby dominant groups are constantly presented to us, for example through the media, and are strongly associated with power, status, prestige and influence, while other groups are rarely, if ever seen in this light'(Thompson: 2003.13) This is true of many social groups in social care. People with disabilities are rarely seen in the media. Infantilisation, which Thompson refers to as ascribing a child-like state to an adult (Share and Lalor: 2009:278) is also common in social care. Society tends to regard people who are elderly or who have a disability as child-like and dependant, unable to interact in their own right. (Thompson: 88) Thompson also argues that discrimination occurs in other forms such as marginalisation, welfarism, medicalization, dehumanization and trivialization. The Experience of discrimination in Ireland (2004), a piece of research carried out by the Equality Authority, found that people with disabilities reported one of the highest rates high rates of incidents of discrimination both while accessing services and at work. Various theories in the area of social psychology focus on the ways to minimise prejudice and discrimination within society. Allports theory known as the Contact Hypothesis, suggests that intergroup contact can lead to reducing prejudice but only under a number of suitable conditions. These conditions are that (a) the groups in the situation have equal status, (b) are not competitive and (c) have support from the relevant authorities for the contact and (d) have common goals. As social care practitioners, we can promote Allports theory through the work we do with the various vulnerable groups we are involved with. This can be done by promoting social inclusion within the community. Although attitudes towards groups such as people with disabilities have changed over recent years, there is much work needed in order to ensure that this group has equal status within our society. The same can be said for the other vulnerable groups we work with as social care practitioners. The subject of prejudice and discrimination is highly relevant to the area of social care and with the help of research carried out in this particular area of social psychology, we can have a clearer understanding of the reasons why, as human-beings, we develop and utilise these actions and behaviours. By having this understanding, we can develop skills and mechanisms to help reduce prejudice and discrimination, and combat the damaging effects that they can have on vulnerable groups in society.

Irish Immigration To Canada Essay -- essays research papers

Irish Immigration to Canada The Irish began immigrating to North America in the 1820s, when the lack of jobs and poverty forced them to seek better opportunities elsewhere after the end of the major European wars. When the Europeans could finally stop depending on the Irish for food during war, the investment in Irish agricultural products reduced and the boom was over. After an economic boom, there comes a bust and unemployment was the result. Two-thirds of the people of Ireland depended on potato harvests as a main source of income and, more importantly, food. Then between the years of 1845 and 1847, a terrible disease struck the potato crops. The plague left acre after acre of Irish farmland covered with black rot. The failure of the potato yields caused the prices of food to rise rapidly. With no income coming from potato harvests, families dependent on potato crops could not afford to pay rent to their dominantly British and Protestant landlords and were evicted only to be crowded into disease-infested wor khouses. Peasants who were desperate for food found themselves eating the rotten potatoes only to develop and spread horrible diseases.  ¡Ã‚ §Entire villages were quickly homeless, starving, and diagnosed with either cholera or typhus. ¡Ã‚ ¨(Interpreting ¡K,online) The lack of food and increased incidents of death forced incredible numbers of people to leave Ireland for some place which offered more suitable living conditions. Some landlords paid for the emigration of their tenants because it made more economic sense to rid farms of residents who were not paying their rent. Nevertheless, emigration did not prove to be an antidote for the Famine. The ships were overcrowded and by the time they reached their destination, approximately one third of its passengers had been lost to disease, hunger and other complications. However, many passengers did survive the journey and, as a result, approximately  ¡Ã‚ §1.5 million Irish people immigrated to North America during the 1840 ¡Ã ‚ ¦s and 1850 ¡Ã‚ ¦s. ¡Ã‚ ¨(Bladley, online) As a consequence of famine, disease (starvation and disease took as many as one million lives) and emigration,  ¡Ã‚ §Ireland ¡Ã‚ ¦s population dropped from 8 million to 5 million over a matter of years. ¡Ã‚ ¨(Bladley, online) Although Britain came to the aid of the starving, many Irish blamed Britain for their delayed response and for centuries of political hardship as basi... ...t only a contribution to Canada, but to the benefit of humanity. „h Nellie Letitia Mooney Mclung(1872-1951) was an activist and a campaigner for female suffrage. She was a nationally known feminist and social reformer. Mclung was the first woman member of CBC ¡Ã‚ ¦s Board of Governor ¡Ã‚ ¦s and deserves great thanks from Canadian women for her contributions to the women ¡Ã‚ ¦s movement in Canada. „h Robert Samuel McLaughlin(1871-1972), the founder of General Motors, made significant contributions to the advancement of Canadian culture and society as well as to the Canadian economy. He was the benefactor of Queen ¡Ã‚ ¦s University, the city of Oshawa, Knox College, and the planetarium to University of Toronto, which still bears his name. He was also the founder of McLaughlin foundation, which has done much to improve the quality of medical education in Canada. (O ¡Ã‚ ¦Driscoll and Reynolds, pp.654) The Irish Canadian community has repaid their debt to Canada by proving themselves to be productive and showing to us that the hardship many Canadians took on in order to accommodate emigrants was worthwhile. Their gratefulness is evident in the reputations they have established as Irish Canadian citizens.